H. aegyptius - associated with Brazilian purpuric fever - reported susceptible to ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol - treated by some authors as a biotype of H. influenzae
H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, H. parainfluenzae, H. segnis - associated with sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, abscesses, endocarditis - reported susceptible to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, aminoglycosides - ampicillin plus gentamicin has been recommended for treatment of endocarditis
H. ducreyi - the agent of chancroid - reported susceptible to macrolides, ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolones
H. influenzae - associated with bacteraemia, meningitis, epiglottitis, respiratory tract infection - reported susceptible to cephalosporins, penicillins, fluoroquinolones - many strains reported to produce penicillinases
Note - most authors retain Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans although the transfer of this species to Haemophilus has been validly published
References - Brenner, D.J., Mayer, L.W., Carlone, G.M., Harrison, L.H. et al. (1988). Biochemical, genetic, and epidemiologic charcterization of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Haemophilus aegyptius) strains associated with Brazilian purpuric fever. J. clin. Microbiol. 26, 1524-1534. - Brazilian Purpuric Fever Study Group. (1987). Haemophilus aegyptius bacteremia in Brazilian purpuric fever. Lancet. 2, 761-763. - Bieger, R.C., Brewer, N.S., Washington, J.A. II. (1978). Haemphilus aphrophilus: a microbiologic and clinical review and report of 42 cases. Medicine (Balt.). 57, 345-355. - Goldberg, R., Washington, J.A. II. (1978). The taxonomy and antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus species in clinical specimens. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 70, 899-904. - Julander, I., Lindberg, A.A., Swanbom, M. (1980). Haemophilus parainfluenzae: an uncommon cause of septicemia and endocarditis. Scand. J. infect. Dis. 12, 85-89. - Jones, R.N., Slepack, J., Bigelow, J. (1976). Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilis paraphrophilus laryngo-epiglottitis. J. clin. Microbiol. 4, 405-407. - Visvanathan, K, Jones, P.D. (1991). Ciprofloxacin treatment of Haemophilus paraphrophilus brain abscess. J. Infect. 22, 306-307.255. Schmid, G.P. (1999). Treatment of chancroid, 1997. Clin. infect. Dis. 28(S1), 14-20. - Jordens, J.Z., Slack, M.P (1995). Haemophilus influenzae: then and now. Eur. J. clin. Microbiol. infect. Dis. 14, 935-948.
